Which of the following is NOT a way of losing one's citizenship?

• A. Deserting the Philippine Army
• B. Naturalization in a foreign country
• C. Taking an oath of allegiance to the Constitution of another country
• D. Working in a foreign country

Answer: (D)

The idea being tested is how Philippine citizenship can be lost. Philippine law treats loss of citizenship as arising from acts that show allegiance to another country or from formally acquiring foreign nationality. Deserting the Philippine Army is seen as abandoning service and aligning with a foreign power, which is a situation where citizenship can be lost. Naturalization in a foreign country is a clear, explicit step that ends Philippine citizenship. Taking an oath of allegiance to the Constitution or government of another country likewise signals allegiance elsewhere and triggers loss.

Working in a foreign country, on the other hand, does not by itself change citizenship. You can live and work abroad while still holding Philippine citizenship, unless you take actions that renounce or formally naturalize elsewhere.