These are the people who have some money, and had the opportunity of acquiring good education in Manila and in foreign countries during the Spanish period.

• A. Nationalism
• B. Secularization
• C. Hispano-Filipino
• D. Execution of GOMBURZA

Answer: (A)

This describes the Hispano-Filipino group—the educated Filipino elites who had wealth and access to good education in Manila and abroad during the Spanish period. These people often had Spanish cultural ties or ancestry and could study in local schools as well as in Europe, which exposed them to liberal ideas and modern ways of thinking. Their education helped them become leaders of reform movements and the early nationalist currents that questioned colonial rule.

Nationalism is an idea or movement, not a social group with specific educational opportunities. Secularization refers to shifting education control away from religious institutions, not a social class. GOMBURZA refers to the three executed priests, a historical event rather than a description of people with money and overseas education.